África - Moçambique & História - Um relatório histórico sobre o processo relativo à guerra civil entre o governo de Maputo da FRELIMO desde a declaração da independência e a oposição armada da guerrilha da RENAMO até ao Processo de Paz com a assinatura de cessar-fogo com o ‘Acordo de Roma’ de 1992, onde são relatados os abusos e violação dos Direitos Humanos pelo exército das FPLM e dos guerrilheiros
‘CONSPICUOUS DESTRUCTION’
War, Famine & The Reform Process in Mozambique
Edition by Human Rights Watch
EUA 1992
Livro com 202 páginas e em muito bom estado de conservação. Excelente.
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MUITO RARO.
Da contracapa:
“ ‘CONSPICUOUS DESTRUCTION - War, Famine & The Reform Process in Mozambique’
This Report on Human rights in Mozambique has a twin focus. One set of concerns relates to the 17-year old war between the Mozambique Armed Forces (FAM) and the rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO). Both sides have been responsible for abuses, although the evidence shows conclusively that RENAMO has committed the large majority of gross abuses. In ‘CONSPICUOUS DESTRUCTION’, Africa Watch has tried wherever possible to make a broas assessment of the culpabikity of enche side concerning each area of Human Rights abuse.
The second FOCUS in on the reforms instigated by the ruling Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) under President Joaquim Chissano, under which the country is moving from authoritarian one-Party state to a pluralist political system, on the western model. Africa Watch evaluates the progress made by the FRELIMO government towards a Democratic system of government which respects civil and political rights. The 1990 Constitution and related legislation are the centerpiece of this transition, and represent the most wholehearted attempt to build an institutional and legal framework to guarantee respect for Human rights so far attempted in the history of Mozambique. Major concerns remain, however, relating to the ability of the government to implement the promised changes.“
Do ÍNDICE: / CONTENTS:
Acknowledgments
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
- The Origin of this Report
- The War
Violence against civilians
Control of the population
Forced recruitment
The creation of famine
The total Impact
- Civil Society
The 1990 Constitution
The legal system
The Press
- Recommendations
1. - HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
- Colonial rule
- Resistance
- Independence
- The formation of RENAMO
- FRELIMO in Power
2. - CIVIL WAR, 1980 - 92
- RENAMO and South Africa
- FRELIMO: Crackdown and reform
- Nkomati
- The war intensifies
- Peace negotiations
- Rome talks diary
- ‘The war of the Spirits’
- The recent military position
- The total cost
3. - VIOLENCE AGAINST CIVILIANS
- Mutilations by RENAMO
- Mutilations by the Mozambique Armed Forces (FAM)
- Attacks on civilian targets by RENAMO
- Attacks on civilian targets by FAM
- RENAMO. Disciplinary measures
- FAM disciplinary measures
- Conclusion
4. - CONTROL OF THE POPULATION
- Communal villages
- Operation production
- Forced relocation as military strategy
- Forced relocation by RENAMO
- Forced relocation by FAM
- Relocations since December 1990
- Conclusion
5. - FORCED RECRUITMENT
- Forced conscription into Mozambique Army (FAM)
- Conscription by RENAMO
- Casual encounter - Or just bad luck
- Raiding parties
- Child soldiers
- The volunteers
- Conclusion
6. - FAMINE AND FOOD AS TOOLS OF WAR
- Background
- Coping with famine
- Outline of the Famine
- Factors in the creation of famine
The legal regime
- Government abuses
Relocations
Scorched earth policy
Attacks on food relief
Diversion of food aid
- RENAMO abuses
Destruction of infrastructure
Attacks on famine relief
Impositions on the population
Tax areas
Control areas
Destruction areas
- Food security and its effects on the Peace Process
The war for Zambézia and the Naparama
The Offensive on the towns and cross-border raids
- Demilitarized Zones
- Conclusion
7. - THE CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER
- Independence
- Repression and relaxation
- Peace negotiations
- The 1990 Constitution
- Developments since November 30, 1990
- The December 1991 Assembly Debates
- The Rome Protocols
8. - THE RULE OF LAW
- The legal system
- Political detentions
- Access to legal counsel
- Confessions obtained under duress
- Physical abuse
- Conclusion
9. - THE PRESS
- Background
- Press law
- Conclusion
10. UNITED STATES POLICY
AFRICA WATCH’S RECOMMENDATION
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